If the holographic plate is illuminated after its development using the same reference wave used in the recording process, the light will diffract into three orders of diffraction if the diffraction network is sinusoidal. A reconstruction beam of light is used to reconstruct the object wavefront. The principle of recording and reconstruction of holograms is shown in fig. The reconstruction of the object field encoded within the hologram is based on the principle of light diffraction.
It is shown that construction of the hologram constitutes a sequence of three wellknown operations. Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications. Holography is the method of recording and reconstruction of the total optical information from the object. Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer. Comparative study of digital holography reconstruction methods indranil acharya a, divyanshu upadhyay b a m. During the recording of the hologram the wave diffracted by the object and the reference wave are recombined on the same side of the photosensitive plate. Thus, the conventional reconstruction scheme is inef. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying three dimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. The numerical reconstruction process is based on the fresnelkirchhoff integral, which describes the diffraction of the reconstructing wave at the microstructure of the hologram.
Digital holography became feasible since charged coupled devices ccds with suitable numbers and sizes of pixels and computers with suf. Holography, on the other hand does not utilize a lens to form a latent image. Our technique is based on the cepstrum of the measurements. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. It is a problem of image recognition, interferometry of measurement, holographic optical elements, questions of image processing and many others. Fth mask fourier transform holography mask focused ion beam milling was used to pattern the au structure. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. Schnars and juptner applied their method to interferome. Completing the reconstruction of the pure gravity sector and beyond 52. Reconstruct it by verifying the virtual and the real image. Shotmt, the 3d profile of the object can be found by combining the 2d. Hence the working of holography is divided into two phases.
In a known conventional method of transmission hologram construction a single beam of radiation emanating from a single beam source usually a laser is split. The confocal scanning laser holography cslh microscope was built and. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording, whereby a sound. This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle.
Compared with conventional methods, digital holography has some obvious advantages. In the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. The first part deals with optical foundations and the theory of holography. Transmission holography is the most widespread type. Pdf dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction. History of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Laminate it for reconstruction by a white light source. Dec 05, 2017 this is small topic of engineering physics.
The phases of the stored light waves can be calculateddirectly from the digital holograms, without. To fully understand the history of holography you need to have a basic idea of what a hologram is. Holography accomplishes such a reconstruction by recording the phase content as well as the amplitude content of the reflected light waves of a laser beam. More complete discussions of the theory are in references 1, 2, 3.
How holograms work the timevarying light field of a scene with all its physical properties is to be recorded and then regenerated. This beam is identical to reference beam used in construction of hologram. This article describes the principles and major applications of digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms digital holography. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. Kim university of south florida, department of physics, 4202 e. Pdf in this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of dynamic 3d digital. A low error reconstruction method for confocal holography. Recording reconstruction 6 mic college of technology 7. A qualitative discussion of making and reconstructing transmission holograms. Listen to jason arthur sapan talk about the history of holography on gizmodo.
Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. This paper investigates the influence of deconvolution psf on particle image reconstruction in digital holography for multiple particles. To make holography accessible to a general audience with widely varied backgrounds, a physical model is useful. The difference between holography and photography is best understood by considering what a black and white photograph actually is.
Although these technologies present a technological shift towards bringing the 3d models to site, they are still in their development period and are still relying on special goggles or setups most of the times. Jeong lake forest college lake forest, illinois holography is a much broader field than most people have perceived. Optimized image reconstruction in digital holography. The incident light is focussed onto the mirror at this point so that the illuminating beam for the hologram construction always appears to diverge from it. Recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography article pdf available in optics express 164. Resolution enhancement in digital holography by self. Recording and reconstruction process in holography winner. Weiner 1sandia national laboratories, 1515 eubank blvd. In recent years the field of digital holography became an attractive research area following the developments of ccdarrays and an ever increasing computational power of computers.
Ohno, realtime hologram construction and reconstruction using a high. Lti is the world leader in industrial laser shearography and holography ndt services and equipment for the aerospace, military. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with variable. Pdf recording and reconstruction of a color holographic. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. Microwave holography infrared holography ultraviolet holography xrayholography electron holography acoustic holography lightinflightholography polarization holography conoscopic holography pseudodeep holograms digital holography conclusion references appendix 1 the mathematical background to holography formation of a hologram reconstruction.
Comparative study of digital holography reconstruction methods. It relies on the principle of interference to produce an image. The more common holograms that can be seen under white light are referred to as reflection holograms and are created when the object and reference beams are incident on opposite faces of the film. Reconstruction dc beam beam with the order separated, and useful foci both real and virtual. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns. The development of new holography methods made it suitable for new industrial and scientific applications. A low error reconstruction method for confocal holography to. Digital holography technique allows recording and reconstruction of.
Optical scanning holography osh 1 has the benefit of recording the entire threedimensional 3d volume of a specimen in the form of a two dimensional 2d hologram. Arrangements for left creating a hologram and right reconstructing an image from a hologram. Holograms can also be created using an expanding laser beam, but the magnification will vary with depth and this must be compensated for in the reconstruction program. We present a mathematical model for the holographic image capture, which facilitates the use of inverse imaging techniques to recover individual sections. A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than an image formed by a lens. The light coming from the object under test and a reference wave interfere in the hologram plane. A part of reconstructed particle images is employed as the psf to reduce the noise in reconstructed images. By demanding that this endpoint can be transformed to a simple. Holography is a method of recording and reconstructing wavefronts residing anywhere in the electromagnetic spectrum or acoustic spectrum.
Principle of holography holography works on the principles of interference and diffraction of light two step process. Holography is a technique that enables a light field which is generally the result of a light source scattered off objects to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects. Here we describe a new method for numerically reconstructing. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. A confocal holography microscope developed at the university of victoria uniquely combines holography with a scanning confocal microscope to nonintrusively measure fluid temperatures in threedimensions herring, 1997, abe and iwasaki, 1999, jacquemin et al.
Reconstruction of image in the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. May 04, 1993 the present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with. Recording and reconstruction of holograms 2 22603 phywe series of publications laboratory experiments physics phywe systeme gmbh 37070 gottingen, germany transmission hologram perform the experimental setup according to fig. Modern optics t h e i t y o f e d i n b u r g h topic 10. Inline hologram reconstruction with sparsity constraints. Reconstruction of the original volume can be accomplished by applying digital reconstruction or. Synthesis and display of dynamic holographic 3d scenes with real. This publication about the special holographic application holographic. The techniques that combine optical acquisition with later processing of the dhs. In this paper, we present the potentialities of the digital holography microscopy for 3d image reconstruction of transparent microscopic objects. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy myung k.
Holography is a method that allows reconstruction of whole optical wave fields. Intrinsic to the principle of holography is that even a fraction of a hologram permits the reconstruction of the entire object 12. This paper discusses the reconstruction of sectional images from a hologram generated by optical scanning holography. A 3d scene is synthesized combining multiple optically recorded. A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to reproduce a threedimensional light field, resulting in an image which retains the depth, parallax, and other properties of the original scene. Reconstruction work equally well in kirchhoff region, so able to form very wide aperture systems.
Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer digital. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. The virtual image appears behind the hologram at the same position as the object ii transmission holograms. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. During reconstruction, depending on the orientation of the.
The hologram is then illuminated with laser light transmission or white light reflection. Record a laser light hologram and process it to get a phase hologram. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. The discussion in this chapter will also make clear the need for a cylindrical shaped hologram, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. However, some holographic applications are not widely known in modern life. Pdf holography is the science of making holograms which are usually intended for displaying three dimensional images. Inline holography is known to be restricted to dilute media, i. Recording and reconstruction process in holography. This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle objects with multiple sections. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction.
Timeline of holography 5 mic college of technology 6. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the whole reconstruction process, since the. Here we investigate digital holography reconstruction methods and compare them for the accuracy and the computational speed. The reconstruction beam is positioned at the same angle as the illuminating beam that was used during the recording phase. After invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various areas. However, its presence degrades the primary wave and prevents getting a high quality hologram. Digital inline holographic microscopy jorge garciasucerquia, wenbo xu, stephan k. A method for object volume reconstruction based on the capture of only one offaxis hologram is discussed.
Holography modern physics lab, ucsd department of physics written by michael pollack theory. Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms. The reconstruction is done by illuminating the hologram with and axially parallel plane wave as shown in figure 2. The theory behind holography is rather straightforward and based on the fact that information recorded in the emulsion of photographic or holographic film is caused by the intensity, not the phase, of the electromagnetic wave incident on the film. This book presents a selfcontained treatment of the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction digital holography. Just as chemists use sticks and balls to help them visualize the structure of molecules, our model will allow us to visualize, and thus understand, the physical characteristics of holograms without using advanced mathematics. Sep 30, 2010 history of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction technology is the new sign of future. Record a white light reflection hologram and process it to get a phase hologram. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is given, including quantitative phase microscopy. The principals of wavefront reconstruction were discovered by gabor in an attempt to. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography. However, in digital holography the overall achievable resolution in the reconstruction is believed to be limited by the size of the captured digital record 14.
In zhao 2008 recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography was demonstrated. In this letter, we use bayesian framework with a sparsityenforcing prior for hologram reconstructions. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. Experimental setup for recording a transmission hologram. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction with alternating updates of amplitude and phase dennis j. The primary and the conjugated images appear in the second focal plane symmetric to the optical axis. Holography is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. Reconstruction enhancements with optical scanning holography. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but whichwhen illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beamorganizes the light into a threedimensional representation of the original object.
This chapter addresses optical holography as practiced in or near the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. If so, and the wave, restored from the hologram, completely corresponds to the object at recording, hence, this wave can be investigated by the same optical methods, as the object. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction using hologram researchgate. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. That point therefore constitutes a substantially fixed apparent beam source position which remains stationary relative to the film over which the beam is scanned. Holographic interferometry holography virtual gallery.
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